the shock doctrine summary

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[251] Aurelio Mancuso, head of Arcigay, saying "A divine programme for men and women is out of line with nature, where the roles are not so clear. He can read Ancient Greek and Biblical Hebrew. The expression was used at least once, though, by Vice President Dick Cheney, in a June 2003 speech in which he said, "If there is anyone in the world today who doubts the seriousness of the Bush Doctrine, I would urge that person to consider the fate of the Taliban in Afghanistan, and of Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq. He claims that the Bush Doctrine promotion of democracy abroad was held as vital by the Bush administration to the success of the United States in the "war on terror". The name was proposed by the asteroid's first discoverers, L. D. Schmadel and F. Borngen at Tautenburg.[288]. He examines two contending approaches to the long-term promotion of democracy: "exemplarism," or leadership by example, and "vindicationism," or the direct application of United States power, including the use of coercive force. [149] During his stay in Austria, he also celebrated Mass at the Marian shrine Mariazell and visited Heiligenkreuz Abbey. His visit was met by nationalist and Islamic protesters[146] and was placed under unprecedented security measures. Struck by the cardinal's distinctive garb, he announced later that day that he wanted to be a cardinal. voters. This life of love, according to him, is the life of the saints such as Teresa of Calcutta and the Blessed Virgin Mary, and is the direction Christians take when they believe that God loves them in Jesus Christ. Among the signatories to PNAC's original statement of Principals is George H. W. Bush's Vice President Dan Quayle, George W. Bush's defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld, his deputy defense secretary Paul Wolfowitz, his Vice President Dick Cheney, and his brother Jeb Bush. He visited the Middle East (Jordan, Israel and Palestine) in May 2009. He ceased wearing red papal shoes. His prescient theories, first set forth in Geographical Pivot of History, published in 1904, have rightly shaped American grand strategy since World War II. [231] Moreover, according to the 1983 Code of Canon Law he is also Bishop Emeritus of Rome, retaining the sacred character received at his ordination as a bishop and receiving the title of emeritus of his diocese; although he doesn't use this style. In May 2009, he visited Israel. [77] They were canonized on 21 October 2012. "When all is darkness and every way out is lined with blood and lit with the fires of battle, there is still hope." Lombardi told journalists on 15 June. [133] That meeting, the "First Meeting of the Catholic-Muslim Forum," was held from 4–6 November 2008. [94] While in 63 cases a country did became more democratic, in 69 instances the country became less democratic - and the plurality of interventions, 96, caused no change in the country's democracy. (H.L.) [192] On 2 December of the same year, Maltese cardinal Mario Grech announced to Vatican News that Benedict has difficulty speaking and that he told the new cardinals after the consistory that "the Lord has taken away my speech in order to let me appreciate silence". (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff), "The National Military Strategy of the United States of America", North Korea and weapons of mass destruction, Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World, Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan, Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, President's Council on Service and Civic Participation, 1978 United States House of Representatives elections, Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bush_Doctrine&oldid=1010862327, History of the foreign relations of the United States, Foreign policy doctrines of the United States, Political terminology of the United States, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2008, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Make no distinction between terrorists and the nations that harbor them — and hold both to account. Case Summary of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] A.C. 562, [1932] UKHL 100, 1932 S.C. Ratzinger became an admirer of Karl Rahner, a well-known academic theologian of the Nouvelle Théologie and a proponent of church reform. [219][220], In March 2016, he gave an interview expressing his views on mercy and endorsing Francis's stress on mercy in his pastoral practice. [62] In 2008, polls showed there was more anti-Americanism than before the Bush administration formed the Bush Doctrine; this increase was probably, at least partially, a result of implementing the Bush doctrine and conservative foreign policy. In several speeches between late 2001 and 2002, Bush expanded on his view of the US foreign policy and global intervention, declaring that the US should actively support democratic governments around the world, especially in the Middle East, as a strategy for combating the threat of terrorism, and that the nation had to act unilaterally in its own security interests, without approval of international bodies like the United Nations. ", Benedict XVI said: Are we not perhaps all afraid in some way? Italian police reported that the woman had previously attempted to accost the Pope at the previous Christmas Eve Mass, but was prevented from doing so. "[56][57] On 19 April 2005, he was elected on the second day after four ballots. [224], In July 2017, Benedict sent a message through his private secretary Monsignor Gänswein for the occasion of the funeral of Cardinal Joachim Meisner, who had suddenly died while on vacation in Germany. The doctrine is known today as the public official standing doctrine. Such uncertainty will, by itself, have a seriously destabilizing effect on the entire Middle East. [39][73][74][75][76][77], Initially, support for the United States was high,[77] but by the end of the Bush administration, after seven years of war, anti-Americanism was high and criticism of the Bush Doctrine was widespread;[77][78] nonetheless the doctrine still had support among some United States political leaders. Benedict was the first pope to resign without external pressure since Celestine V in 1294. Benedict travelled extensively during the first three years of his papacy. (Doctrine of Conditional Joy.) Ordained as a priest in 1951 in his native Bavaria, Ratzinger embarked on an academic career and established himself as a highly regarded theologian by the late 1950s. According to the German text, the Pope's original comment was that the emperor "addresses his interlocutor in an astoundingly harsh—to us surprisingly harsh—way" (wendet er sich in erstaunlich schroffer, uns überraschend schroffer Form). Although he didn't mention the topic, his words were interpreted by news media as denunciations of same-sex marriage,[254] with some sources adding that Benedict would have called it a threat to world peace similar to abortion and euthanasia. John J. Mearsheimer argues in his book, The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities that a liberal hegemonic policy like the Bush Doctrine is ineffective at achieving its stated end goals and is doomed to lead to more war, anti-Americanism, and a global retreat in democracy. In 1969, he returned to Bavaria, to the University of Regensburg and co-founded the theological journal Communio, with Hans Urs von Balthasar, Henri de Lubac, Walter Kasper and others, in 1972. Citing John Paul II's well-known words, "Do not be afraid! Benedict XVI, who entered the basilica through a discreet entrance, was seated in a row with several other cardinals. FACTS [255] In March 2012, he stated that heterosexual marriages should be defended from "every possible misrepresentation of their true nature". The pope said that the Church viewed the distinction as central to human nature, and "asks that this order of creation be respected". Jervis, Robert (Fall, 2003). This story was inspired by an orange tabby Pentling cat, which belonged to the family next door. 1. During this period, he participated in the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) and served as a peritus (theological consultant) to Cardinal Frings of Cologne. [17][23] The Bush Doctrine holds that enemies of the US use terrorism as a war of ideology against the nation. If, on the other hand, you're looking for books that provide clear and plain answers to the many questions sincere seekers after Truth and Wisdom ask, you're in the right place. In the fairy tale an incomprehensible happiness rests upon an incomprehensible condition. The stance of the Bush administration was that the harsh measures to spread the democracy worldwide are inevitable and efficacious, in which for instance, liberating Iraq will plant democracy in the area and enable it to flourish in the rest of the Middle East.[36]. We cannot put our faith in the word of tyrants, who solemnly sign non-proliferation treaties, and then systemically break them. The Financial Times reported that Benedict XVI's advocacy for a fairer redistribution of wealth helped set the agenda for the 2009 July G8 summit.[272][273]. The current U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, Samantha Power, who is the most dispositionally interventionist among Obama’s senior advisers, had argued early for arming Syria’s rebels. [191], On 3 August 2020, his aides disclosed that he has an inflammation of the trigeminal nerve. [176][177][178] The Pope then promised to introduce measures that would "safeguard young people in the future" and "bring to justice" priests who were responsible for abuse. Mariano de la Mata was beatified in November 2006 and Rosa Eluvathingal was beatified 3 December of that year, and Fr. I'm not going to suggest that it's easy, but we have not found the formula as a country. As you have rightly declared, Mr. President, the security of the world in the first part of the 21st century will be determined largely by how we handle this threat. In addition to his native German, Benedict speaks French, Italian and English[20] fluently. The new Blesseds were Mother Marianne Cope and Mother Ascensión Nicol Goñi. He is the oldest person to have been elected pope since Pope Clement XII (1730–1740). The purpose is to develop closer cooperation within NATO in dealing with geopolitical problems from the Middle East to Eurasia. From 2002 until his election as pope, he was also Dean of the College of Cardinals. [89] For example, in the case of Afghanistan, it is argued that parliamentary democracy was downplayed by the US and power concentrated in the hands of the Afghan president Hamid Karzai, a US ally. And as they came to know him, the question became, why not Ratzinger? [147] However, the trip went ahead and Benedict made a joint declaration with Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I in an attempt to begin to heal the rift between the Catholic and Orthodox churches. Donoghue, a Scottish dispute, is a famous case in English law which was instrumental in shaping the law of tort and the doctrine of negligence in particular. Islamic politicians and religious leaders, International Society for Krishna Consciousness, controversy about a lecture he had given at Regensburg, Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons, secular by virtue of its state constitution, Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great, Grand Merit Cross with Star and Sash of the Federal Republic of Germany, Kartellverband katholischer deutscher Studentenvereine, Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria, Premio Internazionale di Cultura Cattolica, Premio Letterario Basilicata per la Letteratura e Poesia religiosa Spirituale, Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, "Biography of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI", "Udienza Generale del 18 aprile 2007: Clemente Alessandrino | Benedetto XVI", "General Audience of 14 May 2008: Pseudo-Dionysius, the Areopagite | BENEDICT XVI", "General Audience, 23 August 2006: John, "the Seer of Patmos" | BENEDICT XVI", "General Audience of 4 May 2011: Man in Prayer (1) | BENEDICT XVI", "Benedict's New Name: Pope Emeritus, His Holiness Benedict XVI, Roman Pontiff Emeritus", "Vatican to publish entire work by bestselling author Pope Benedict XVI", "Disillusioned German Catholics: From Liberal to Conservative", "Benedict's encyclical offers hope for world", "Pope set to bring back Latin Mass that divided the Church", "Pope Benedict to open new Latin academy in the Vatican", "Pope Benedict XVI, the pontiff of aesthetics", "Men in White: Pope to meet Benedict XVI", "World Over – 23 February 2013 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger Interview Special with Raymond Arroyo", "Announcement of Pope Benedict XVI's resignation in Latin", United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, "Benedict XVI becomes oldest pope in history", "Vatican Radio – Pope Benedict: proud to be part of Tyrol a "land made by Angels, "A Future Pope Is Recalled: A Lover of Cats and Mozart, Dazzled by Church as a Boy", Zweite Durchführungsverordnung zum Gesetz über die Hitler-Jugend (Jugenddienstverordnung) vom 25. The greater the threat, the greater is the risk of inaction – and the more compelling the case for taking anticipatory action to defend ourselves, even if uncertainty remains as to the time and place of the enemy's attack. [17][19], The George W. Bush administration claimed that the US was locked in a global war; a war of ideology, in which its enemies are bound together by a common ideology and a common hatred of democracy. [166] After Ratzinger became pope he began proceedings against Maciel and the Legion of Christ that forced Maciel out of active service in the Church. The solution must have two elements: firstly, bringing out the human dimension of sexuality, that is to say a spiritual and human renewal that would bring with it a new way of behaving towards others, and secondly, true friendship offered above all to those who are suffering, a willingness to make sacrifices and to practise self-denial, to be alongside the suffering. Quick Summary. [276] Benedict's favorite works of music are Mozart's Clarinet Concerto and Clarinet Quintet. [10] He continued to wear the white cassock but without the pellegrina or the fascia. [165][174] According to Schönborn, Cardinal Ratzinger had pressed John Paul II to investigate Hans Hermann Groër, an Austrian cardinal and friend of John Paul accused of sexual abuse, resulting in Groër's resignation. JUDGMENT P.N. ", "Confront threats before they fully materialize. [171], In March 2010, the Pope sent a Pastoral Letter to the Catholic Church in Ireland addressing cases of sexual abuse by Catholic priests to minors, expressing sorrow, and promising changes in the way accusations of abuse are dealt with. Benedict XVI and Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng met at the Vatican on 25 January 2007 in a "new and important step towards establishing diplomatic ties". "[58] Ratzinger had hoped to retire peacefully and said that "At a certain point, I prayed to God 'please don't do this to me'...Evidently, this time He didn't listen to me. [41][52][78][79], Critics, like John Micklethwait in the book The Right Nation, claim that Bush was deceived by neoconservatives into adopting their policies. He is the first pope to resign since Gregory XII in 1415, and the first to do so on his own initiative since Celestine V in 1294. "The true citizen of fairlyland is obeying something he does not understand at all. "[270], In 2009, the Pope intervened in global economic and political affairs with his third encyclical, Charity in Truth (Latin Caritas in veritate), which can be viewed on the Vatican's web site. White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer later wrote in an autobiographical account of that address, "In a speech hailed by the press and by Democrats, [the President] announced what became known as the 'Bush Doctrine'". [29] In 1941, one of Ratzinger's cousins, a 14-year-old boy with Down syndrome, was taken away by the Nazi regime and murdered during the Action T4 campaign of Nazi eugenics. "[20], The Bush Doctrine was polarizing both domestically and internationally. [240], In 2005, the pope listed several ways to combat the spread of HIV, including chastity, fidelity in marriage and anti-poverty efforts; he also rejected the use of condoms. "Much is already being done for the integration of the families of immigrants, although much still remains to be done. The International Journal of Peace Studies 2003 article "The Bush administration's image of Europe: From ambivalence to rigidity" states:[29]. Ratzinger came increasingly to see these and associated developments (such as decreasing respect for authority among his students) as connected to a departure from traditional Catholic teachings. And no country should ever use preemption as a pretext for aggression. His habilitation (which qualified him for a professorship) was on Bonaventure. [115] Benedict also acknowledged the Lutheran church, saying that he has had friends in that denomination. In their Common Declaration, they highlighted the previous 40 years of dialogue between Catholics and Anglicans while also acknowledging "serious obstacles to our ecumenical progress". A word is forgotten, and cities perish. The UCMJ defines the military justice system and lists criminal offenses under military law. [193], On 11 February 2013, the Vatican confirmed that Benedict XVI would resign the papacy on 28 February 2013, as a result of his advanced age,[194] becoming the first pope to resign since Gregory XII in 1415. It might seem impossible to you that all custom-written essays, research papers, speeches, book reviews, and other custom task completed by our writers are both of high quality and cheap. As pontiff, Benedict XVI carried out numerous Apostolic activities including journeys across the world and in the Vatican. Firstly, I remember Pope Benedict XV, that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war. The main points of emphasis of his teachings are stated in more detail in Theology of Pope Benedict XVI. An opposition is taking shape here between the leading European capitals, which want to deal with the matter by judicial means, and the Americans, who want to push ahead and create a fait accompli. [214] In 2015, Benedict spent the summer at Castel Gandolfo and participated in two public events. We are menaced less by fleets and armies than by catastrophic technologies in the hands of the embittered few," and required "defending the United States, the American people, and our interests at home and abroad by identifying and destroying the threat before it reaches our borders. [135], The Dalai Lama congratulated Benedict XVI upon his election,[136] and visited him in October 2006 in the Vatican City. 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The journalist Charlotte Allen describes Benedict as "the pope of aesthetics": "He has reminded a world that looks increasingly ugly and debased that there is such a thing as the beautiful—whether it's embodied in a sonata or an altarpiece or an embroidered cope or the cut of a cassock—and that earthly beauty ultimately communicates a beauty that is beyond earthly things. The model endorsed in joint doctrine (JP 5-0) is also known as the Marine Corps model, the “CG-CC-CR-CV” Model, and the “Strange Model,” for its developer, Dr. Joe Strange of the Marine Corps War College.2 This model is depicted in the figure, “Joint COG Model” and an example of its application is given in the figure, “Joint COG Model In June 2007, Benedict made a personal pilgrimage and pastoral visit to Assisi, the birthplace of St. Francis. the European Academy of Sciences and Arts in Salzburg/Austria in 1991. The lecture received much attention from political and religious authorities. Some commentators interpreted voter turnout figures as evidence of "large-scale fraud". The document angered many Protestant churches by claiming that they are not actually churches, but "ecclesial communities". ", "Take the fight to the enemy overseas before they can attack us again here at home. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Jimmy Carter's national security adviser, said he thought there was no "single piece of paper" that represents the Bush doctrine. [190], In 2013 it was reported that Benedict has multiple health problems including high blood pressure and reportedly has fallen out of bed more than once, but the Vatican denied any specific illnesses. He himself had almost completed a first draft of an encyclical on faith. Ratzinger became a professor at the University of Bonn in 1959, with his inaugural lecture on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy". In 2001 he created the successor to the decree. Cardinal Medina Estévez first addressed the massive crowd as "dear(est) brothers and sisters" in Italian, Spanish, French, German and English, with each language receiving cheers from the international crowd, before continuing with the traditional Habemus Papam announcement in Latin. [52], On 12 March 1983, Ratzinger, as prefect, notified the lay faithful and the clergy that Archbishop Pierre Martin Ngo Dinh Thuc had incurred excommunication latae sententiae for illicit episcopal consecrations without the apostolic mandate. "[179] The guideline was intended to follow the norms established by U.S. bishops, but it does not require the reporting of "allegations" or crimes where reporting is not required by law. On Bush doctrine had been highly controversial among the American people and American interests briefly merged into German... Been replaced three months earlier, a well-known academic theologian of the Council as a reformer, cooperating with like... 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[ 30 ] in May 2009 has stated that his doctrine consisted of four `` prongs ''...