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While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Doria responded to this and soon his ships were dueling with Uluj Ali's. The Battle of Lepanto took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic maritime states arranged by Pope Pius V, decisively defeated the fleet of the Ottoman Empire on the northern edge of the Gulf of Corinth, off western Greece. Barbarigo was mortally wounded when an Ottoman arrow struck him in the eye, and Mohammed Saulak, seriously wounded in combat, was executed when he was captured by allied forces. For the Holy League, Don John, aboard the galley Real, divided his force into four divisions, with the Venetians under Agostino Barbarigo on the left, himself in the center, the Genoese under Giovanni Andrea Doria on the right, and a reserve led by Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis de Santa Cruz in the rear. In addition to the death of Ali Pasha, the Ottomans lost 25,000 killed and wounded and an additional 3,500 captured. The Battle of Lepanto, fought between the Holy League, which consisted of a coalition of Catholic states, against the Ottoman Empire in October 1571 was considered the last great battle … He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. The Pope was in his chapel before day or battle broke, (Don John of Austria is hidden in the smoke.) The Greatest Sea Battle in History: Lepanto, October 1571 For more than three years, Pope Pius V had labored mightily to sound alarms about the deadly Muslim buildup in the shipyards of Istanbul. 99. The sultan had been stung by the surprising defeat of his overwhelming invasion force in Malta in 1565. Hickman, Kennedy. Quarrels among the allies frustrated his ambitions, however. In 1453, the Turks captured Constantinople, the center of Christianity in the Eastern world. Corrections? Christian sailors joined Pope Pius V (a Dominican) in praying the Most Holy Rosary, and defeated a much larger Turkish force at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. The allied fleets assembled at Messina in Sicily, waiting until August 24, 1571, for the Spaniards. The Battle of Lepanto was a key naval engagement during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. 99. Hickman, Kennedy. The hidden room in man’s house where God sits all the year, The secret window whence the world looks small and very dear. by Charles River Editors 2.0 out of 5 stars 1. Uluch Ali made off in good order with 30 or 40 galleys. The weather, which favored the Turks at dawn, changed, and Christian forces were able to overwhelm their enemy. He, along with…. Not only was the battle lost for the Turk, but so were 170 of his galleys and 33,000 men killed, wounded, or captured, as well as 12,000 liberated Christian slaves. Locked together, Spanish troops were twice repulsed when they tried to board the Ottoman galley, and reinforcements from other vessels were needed to turn the tide. The Holy League's fleet consisted of 206 galleys and 6 galleasses (large new galleys, invented by venetians, which carried substantial artillery) and was ably commanded by Don Juan de Austria, the illegitimate son of Emperor Charles V and half brother of King Philip II of Spain. This scenario is based on the Battle of Lepanto. Pope Sixtus V (reigned 1585–90) launched a Catholic missionary counteroffensive in central Europe and reorganized the Roman Curia. (2020, September 6). Orders were given to engage on October 7. The Christian coalition had been promoted by Pope Pius V to rescue the Venetian colony of Famagusta, on the island of Cyprus, which was being besieged by the Turks in early 1571 subsequent to the fall of Nicosiaand other Venetian possessions in Cyprus in the course of 1570. Shortly after the battle began, the two flagships found each other and a desperate struggle began between Real and Sultana. Behind the galleasses (employed to spread preliminary confusion), the Christian fleet advanced in four squadrons. The Maltese force bore the brunt of the attack and suffered tremendous casualties, but disaster was averted by the timely intervention of Santa Cruz. Updates? The painting features Don Juan of Austria in battle while at the bow of a ship. Hickman, Kennedy. Unable to penetrate the city's defenses, they laid siege in September 1570. Victory at Lepanto. The Battle of Lepanto was a key naval engagement during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. As the fleets neared, Doria saw that Uluj Ali's line extended beyond his own. The battle was remarkable as the last and greatest engagement with oar-propelled vessels and the first great victory over a Turkish fleet. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. LEPANTO, BATTLE OF. At the front of the Christian formation were found two heavily armed warships — galleasses — … Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Both Muslims and Christians had about 30,000 men and slightly over two hundred vessels each. Don Juan commanded the centre; the Venetian, Agostino Barbarigo, the left; Philip’s admiral, Giovanni Andrea Doria, the right; and the Spaniard Álvaro de Bazán, marqués de Santa Cruz, the reserve. Paperback $9.99 $ 9. 2.0 out of 5 stars 1. This was offset by the freeing of a similar number of enslaved Christians from the Ottoman ships. The battle occurred at a time of transition in naval warfare, and Lepanto stands as the last great naval engagement in ships powered by oars. FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. The Holy League defeated the Ottomans at Lepanto on October 7, 1571. Paperback $9.99 $ 9. Get it as soon as Tue, Feb 9. Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images. Thus, the battle had little lasting impact on Ottoman expansion, but it exerted a great effect on European morale. After hours of fierce fighting, the Ottoman centre collapsed when Ali Pasha was killed and the Sultana was taken in tow by the Real. Although the dead on each side were put at about 8,000, the Christian victory was complete. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). On the third attempt, with aid from Álvaro de Bazán's galley, Don John's men were able to take Sultana killing Ali Pasha in the process. The Battle of Lepanto: The History of the Decisive Naval Battle between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League. Venice also deeply distrusted Spanish influence in Italy. The concessions by the East were l… Lepanto, battle of lĭpăn´tō , Oct. 7, 1571, naval battle between the Christians and Ottomans fought in the strait between the gulfs of Pátrai and Corinth, off Lepanto (Návpaktos), Greece. Byzantine-Ottoman Wars: Fall of Constantinople, Military History Timeline From 1401 to 1600, Biography of Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Wars of the French Revolution: Battle of Cape St. Vincent, The Sultans of the Ottoman Empire: 1300 to 1924, Russo-Japanese War and the Battle of Tsushima, The Knights Hospitaller - Defenders of Sick and Injured Pilgrims, American Revolution: Battle of Valcour Island, American Revolution: Battle of the Chesapeake, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. These issues had long separated the two churches. Following the death of Suleiman the Magnificent and ascent of Sultan Selim II to Ottoman throne in 1566, plans commenced for the eventual capture of Cyprus. Horrible Histories. The Turks had a greater number of … On October 7, 1571, a patchwork fleet of Catholic ships primarily from Spain, Venice and Genoa, under the command of Don Juan of Austria, was at a distinct disadvantage. The banner for the fleet, blessed by the pope, reached the Kingdom of Naples (then ruled by the King of Spain) on August 14, 1571. "The Background of the Battle of Lepanto." The lines of ships faced one another, one side firing one cannon shot. France and the Holy Roman Empire were preoccupied with the sweeping changes wrought by the Reformation. In The Victory of Lepanto and the Most Holy Rosary, Rev. The Background of the Battle of Lepanto. As the sea battle unfolded along the Greek coast near Lepanto, the Holy League's fleet managed to beat the Ottoman fleet. A Turkish fleet of about 275 galleys and other ships under Ali Pasha clashed with a Christian force of about 230 galleys and galleasses (hybrid oar-powered and wind-driven vessels, much larger than galleys). His successor, Selim II, was determined to acquire the Venetian outpost of Cyprus and, when the Venetians refused to cede the island, invaded it in 1570. The combined fleets sailed on September 16 for Corfu, where they learned that Famagusta had fallen and that the Turkish fleet was in the Gulf of Patraikos, near Lepanto (modern Návpaktos), in Greece. Don Juan de Austria, Philip’s young half brother, was to be commander in chief, and the papal general Marcantonio Colonna was to be his lieutenant. The Battle of Lepanto commenced between the roughly equal number of men and ships off the coast of Corinth, Greece, after a traditional and formalized ceremony. As a result, 1571, the year of the battle of Lepanto, the most important naval contest in human history, is not well known to Americans. The Turkish force is said to have been larger but less well equipped and not so well disciplined. The battle marked the first significant victory for a Christian naval force over a Turkish fleet and the climax of the age of galley warfare in the Mediterranean. LEPANTO, BATTLE OF. The fleet of the Holy League commanded by John of Austria (d. 1578) opposed the Ottoman fleet under Uluç Ali Pasha. The Battle of Lepanto: The History of the Decisive Naval Battle between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League. The Christian victory was almost averted late in the battle when Uluch Ali, by threatening to outflank Doria’s squadron, drew it toward the open sea and then penetrated the gap that was thus formed. Painted by Luna in 1887, the masterpiece is about the Battle of Lepanto of October 7, 1571. Vessels had been contributed by the various Christian states: 109 galleys and 6 galleasses from the Republic of Venice, 80 galleys from Spain and Naples/Sicily, 12 Tuscan galleys hired by the Papal States, 3 galleys each from G… The Battle of Lepanto The battle began around noon on October 7th. The battle of Lepanto was one of the greatest conflicts in pre-modern history, pitting Ottoman naval forces against the ships of the Christian Holy League in the Gulf of Patras off western Greece. ThoughtCo. Against the wishes of Don John, Ali Pasha was beheaded and his head displayed on a pike. The Battle of Lepanto: The History of the Decisive Naval Battle between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League. It is one of the “huge epic canvasses” painted by Luna. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. 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